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Payments glossary

The payments glossary, in plain English

Orchestration, routing, onboarding, settlement and banking terms that PSPs, acquirers, marketplaces and fintechs use every day, each linked to where it lives in the Coriunder platform.

Op
Opayrations
noun · Coriunder
Term of the day
Operating your payment business: everything a payment provider does around the transaction, from onboarding and risk to settlement, reconciliation and payouts.
Routing#

3-D Secure 2 (3DS2)

The card-scheme protocol for authenticating online card payments, using device data to approve most payments without a challenge.

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Industry#

Acquirer

A bank or licensed institution that processes card payments on behalf of merchants and settles the funds to them. Also called the acquiring bank.

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Onboarding#

AML (anti-money laundering)

Controls that detect and prevent money laundering, including screening, transaction monitoring and reporting suspicious activity.

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Checkout#

APM (alternative payment method)

Any payment method other than cards, such as e-wallets, bank transfers, open banking, vouchers and local methods.

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Routing#

Approval rate

The share of payment attempts that are authorised. Routing, cascading, tokens and 3DS2 tuning all raise it.

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Onboarding#

Automated onboarding

Onboarding where application forms, verification providers and a rules engine score and approve merchants and provision their accounts without manual steps.

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Banking#

Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS)

Banking features such as accounts, IBANs, cards and payments that a licensed partner provides through a platform, so non-banks can offer them under their own brand.

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Banking#

Card issuing

Creating virtual or physical payment cards, prepaid or debit, linked to a balance, through an issuing processor.

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Settlement#

Chargeback

A payment reversal the cardholder starts through their bank, which the merchant can dispute with evidence.

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Banking#

DCC (dynamic currency conversion)

Offering foreign cardholders the price in their own currency at checkout, with the conversion done by the merchant's provider.

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Routing#

Hard decline

A permanent decline, such as a stolen card or closed account, that should not be retried.

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Checkout#

Hosted payment page (HPP)

A checkout page hosted by the payment provider, so card data never touches the merchant's servers and the merchant's PCI scope stays small.

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Settlement#

Interchange++

A pricing model that passes through the interchange fee and the scheme fee at cost, plus a fixed markup from the provider.

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Industry#

ISO (independent sales organisation)

A company that resells an acquirer's merchant services, signing and supporting merchants under the acquirer's sponsorship.

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Onboarding#

KYB (know your business)

Verification of a company: registration, ownership and ultimate beneficial owners (UBOs), directors and licences.

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Onboarding#

KYC (know your customer)

Identity verification of an individual, such as a document check, liveness check and sanctions screening.

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Payouts#

Marketplace payments

Collecting from buyers and paying many sellers, with onboarding, split payments, commissions and group settlement by sub-merchant or by cart item.

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Payouts#

Mass payouts

Sending many payouts in one batch, for example to marketplace sellers, affiliates or iGaming winners, across countries and currencies.

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Onboarding#

Merchant onboarding

The process of signing up a merchant: application, KYC and KYB checks, risk scoring, approval and configuration of MIDs, fees and routing.

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Routing#

MID (merchant ID)

The identifier an acquirer assigns to a merchant account. One merchant can hold several MIDs across acquirers, currencies or business lines.

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Routing#

MID cascading

Automatically retrying a declined transaction on another merchant ID (MID), usually at a different acquirer, in a defined order until it is approved or no eligible MID remains.

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Banking#

Multi-currency wallet

A ledger that holds balances in several currencies per customer or merchant and moves money between them.

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Routing#

Network tokens

Card-scheme tokens that replace the card number and update automatically when a card is reissued, improving authorisation rates.

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Industry#

Opayrations

Coriunder's term for operating your payment business: everything a payment provider does around the transaction, from onboarding and risk to settlement, reconciliation, payouts and support. Coriunder was built by operators to automate Opayrations.

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Banking#

Open banking

Payments and account data accessed through bank APIs under PSD2, used for pay-by-bank pay-ins and payouts.

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Checkout#

Payment cashier

A hosted deposit and checkout page, common in iGaming and forex, that shows each customer the right payment methods and handles deposits and withdrawals.

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Industry#

Payment facilitator (PayFac)

A provider that onboards sub-merchants under its own master merchant account, so small businesses can accept payments without their own MID.

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Checkout#

Payment gateway

Software that securely captures payment details at checkout and passes them to a processor or acquirer for authorisation, then returns the result to the merchant.

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Routing#

Payment orchestration

A layer that connects merchants to many acquirers, PSPs and payment methods through one integration and decides, per transaction, which provider processes each payment, with routing, cascading and a single view of performance.

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Settlement#

Payment reconciliation

Matching the files from acquirers, banks and providers against what the platform recorded, so every transaction and fee is accounted for.

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Payouts#

Payout management

Sending money out to merchants, sellers, affiliates or customers, choosing the right payout provider and rail, with approvals and tracking.

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Checkout#

PCI DSS

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. Level 1 is the highest level, required for the largest processors of card data.

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Industry#

PSP (payment service provider)

A company that lets merchants accept payments by contracting them, connecting them to acquirers and payment methods, and handling processing and settlement.

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Settlement#

Rolling reserve

A percentage of each settlement held back for a set period, often 180 days, to cover future chargebacks and refunds.

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Onboarding#

Rules engine

Configurable logic that makes decisions automatically, for example scoring merchant applications, assigning fee templates or blocking risky transactions.

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Routing#

SCA (strong customer authentication)

The PSD2 requirement in Europe to authenticate payers with two factors, with exemptions such as transaction risk analysis (TRA).

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Settlement#

Settlement

Paying merchants their processed funds minus fees, reserves and chargebacks, with a statement that explains each deduction.

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Routing#

Smart routing

Rules that choose the best acquirer or provider for each transaction based on data such as BIN, card country, currency, amount, method and cost, to raise approval rates and lower fees.

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Routing#

Soft decline

A temporary decline, such as do-not-honour or issuer unavailable, that may succeed on retry or on another acquirer.

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Payouts#

Split payments

Dividing one customer payment between several parties, such as a marketplace seller and the platform, at capture.

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Onboarding#

Sub-merchant

A business that processes payments under a payment facilitator or marketplace rather than with its own direct acquiring contract.

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Banking#

Virtual IBAN

An IBAN issued to a customer or merchant that routes incoming funds to a master account, so each one gets its own account number without a separate bank account.

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Checkout#

White-label payment gateway

Payment gateway software built by one company and run by another under its own brand. The operator owns the merchants and pricing; the provider runs the technology and PCI scope.

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